Yitzhak Rabin, Twenty Years After
Yitzhak Rabin shakes hands with Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords
(September 13, 1993) at the White House as US President Bill Clinton
proudly looks on.
(September 13, 1993) at the White House as US President Bill Clinton
proudly looks on.
"He will judge between the nations and will settle disputes for
many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares and their
spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not take up sword against nation,
nor will they train for war anymore." (Isaiah 2:4)
As Israelis face the worst outbreak of violence in
decades, they are solemnly marking the 20th anniversary of the assassination of
Yitzhak Rabin (March 1, 1922 – November 4, 1995). Rabin took an historic
step toward peace with the Palestinians by signing the Oslo Peace Accords in
September 1993. This Israeli prime minister shook hands with Palestinian
Liberation Organization (PLO) leader Yasser Arafat on the White House lawn
while President Clinton looked on. Oslo gave the Palestinians limited
self-governance over parts of Judea and Samaria (the West Bank) and Gaza
through the creation of the Palestinian Authority (PA). Not everyone was happy
with the agreement or the other peace initiatives that Rabin was considering
with Israel’s neighbors. An Israeli ultranationalist named Yigal Amir
assassinated Rabin with two bullets to his back on November 4, 1995 after a
pro-peace rally in what is now Tel Aviv’s Rabin Square. Five years later, the Palestinians launched the Second
Intifada. Today, many wonder if a third one is currently unfolding,
making the dream of peace in Israel seem distant and elusive.
Yitzhak Rabin's family grieves at his funeral.
A First Generation
Leader
Yitzhak Rabin, who served twice as prime minister
of Israel, is an outstanding example of a military and political leader who can
be considered a first generation Israeli—born in the Land when it was
under the authority of Britain. As a military leader, he helped to bring about
a positive outcome when the nascent state was fighting for its existence in
1948. Rabin served the Jewish state for 27 years as a soldier. While
still in his teens he joined the pre-state Palmach
(Strike Force), the elite commando
fights force of the Haganah — the underground army that served the Yishuv (Jewish community) living in British Mandate
Palestine from 1920 until 1948. It was during Israel’s War of Independence that
he reached the rank of the Palmach’s chief of operations. With the
formation of the Israel Defense Forces in late 1948, he joined the IDF and
began to rise in the ranks.
The Israeli delegation to the 1949 Armistice Agreements
talks. From left to right: Commanders Yehoshafat Harkabi,
Aryeh Simon, Yigael Yadin, and Yitzhak Rabin.
talks. From left to right: Commanders Yehoshafat Harkabi,
Aryeh Simon, Yigael Yadin, and Yitzhak Rabin.
During the 1948 war he commanded operations in
Jerusalem and fought against the Egyptian army in the Negev.
Prior to this he had commanded the Harel Brigade, which was instrumental in
opening up the road to Jerusalem that had been cut off by Arab forces
(including the Jordanian British trained Arab Legion) who had surrounded
Jerusalem. He was also involved in the opening of the “Burma Road” which
traversed the Judean hills, bypassing the Jordanian-controlled Latrun area in
order to bring troops into and ultimately reclaim the capital city. The Burma
Road now runs through Yitzhak Rabin Park, located where Rabin’s Harel Brigade
and other forces broke through the opposition forces and opened the road. During
the 50s, Rabin helped to shape training doctrine and led the IDF’s Operations
Directorate from 1959 to 1963. In 1964 he was appointed Chief of General Staff
and, as such, led the IDF in its 1967
victory over the several invading Arab armies in Israel’s victorious Six-Day
War. In 1967, Rabin pushed for the pre-emptive strike that led to
Israel’s swift victory over the Arab forces.
Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Yitzhak Rabin in the
entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem during the
Six Day War, with Moshe Dayan and Uzi Narkiss.
entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem during the
Six Day War, with Moshe Dayan and Uzi Narkiss.
From 1968 to 1973 Rabin served as Israel’s
ambassador in Washington and was appointed Prime Minister of Israel
following the resignation of Golda Meir. As Prime Minister, Rabin signed the Sinai
Interim Agreement, which took a step toward Israel’s complete withdrawal from
the Sinai Peninsula. He also ordered the raid on Entebbe in which
some 94 mainly Israeli passengers of the hijacked Air France Flight 139 and
several of its crew members were rescued. He stepped down as prime minister
over controversy regarding an undisclosed US bank account in his wife’s name. During much of the 1980s Rabin served as Israel’s
minister of defense and was re-elected prime minister in 1992, promising to
bring about peace with the Palestinians. This led to the signing of
several agreements as part of the Oslo Accords. That same year he
was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize along with Shimon Peres and PLO leader Yasser
Arafat. He also signed a peace treaty with King Hussein of Jordan. In November
of 1995 while in the process of negotiations with President Assad of Syria to
return the Golan Heights, he was assassinated.
From right to left, Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, and Yasser Arafat receive
the Nobel Peace Prize following the Oslo Accords.
the Nobel Peace Prize following the Oslo Accords.
Remembering Rabin:
20 Years Later
Although today is the anniversary of the
assassination according to the Gregorian calendar, Israel began remembrance on
Cheshvan 12 (October 25), the anniversary according to the Hebrew calendar. Since
then there have been several events remembering Rabin and his legacy.
There has also been much analysis regarding where we are at today in
terms of peace. Some wonder if the peace movement is dead. Rabin’s
daughter, Dalia, who was Deputy Minister of Defense from 2001–2002 while
serving a four-year term in the Knesset, said at a memorial ceremony at Mount
Herzl military cemetery last Monday: “There is no peace process. We are
facing terrorism. Blood is being shed again. I have no other
country, and my country has changed.”
This memorial at Rabin Square marks the spot where Rabin fell.
That same day at the president’s residence,
President Reuvin Rivlin said, “As long as I am president, Yigal Amir will never
be pardoned. May my right hand wither if I ever sign a pardon for that
damned man.” Although Rivlin has acknowledged
his disagreement with Rabin’s approach toward the Palestinians, which entailed
the giving away of land, he warned against violence as an eroding force of
Israeli democracy. “The killer broke down a fence maintained
by generations of Jews, and he may have left it broken,” he said, referring to
a Jewish belief that a life of truth, justice and peace among the many factions
in Israel is best accomplished through nonviolence. “It’s been 20 years
since the murder, and we have to ask ourselves, ‘Are we doing enough to seal
what was breached by the murderer?’” Rivlin
stressed how important it is that Israel remember the loss of Rabin in a
unified manner, “with all its camps, all its sectors, a day of self-examination
for the Israeli people, a time of self-examination for Israeli democracy.” Following
the speech, Rabin was remembered with the singing of Shir LaShalom — Song For Peace.
The singers were backed by 18 children from the Yitzhak Rabin School in
Ashdod, after singing the usual Hebrew stanzas, they added one in Arabic.
President Reuven Rivlin, together with Israeli children, lights a memorial
candle for Yitzhak Rabin.
candle for Yitzhak Rabin.
Originally written for and sung by the IDF Infantry
Ensemble during the Israel-Egypt war, it has since become an anthem for the
Israel peace movement, expressing the deep desires of the hearts of Israelis. The
last verse sums up that desire:
Don’t say the day will come.
Al tagidu yom yavo. | .אל תגידו יום יבוא
Bring the day about!
havi'u et hayom! | !הביאו את היום
For it is not a dream
ki lo khalom hu. | .כי לא חלום הוא
And in all the city squares,
uvekhol hakikarot, | ,ובכל הכיכרות
Cheer for peace!
hari'u lashalom! | !הריעו לשלום
Just
minutes before being shot, Rabin had sung that song at the rally. The
bloodied lyrics were found in his pocket.
Netanyahu remembers Rabin.
At a Knesset event commemorating Rabin, Prime
Minister Benjamin Netanyahu described Rabin’s murder as “traumatic” for
Israelis. Even after 20 years, they are still trying to come to terms
with it. “This tragic event ripped open a hole in the heart of Israeli
democracy, and we must close it up. There are still those among us who
deny the legitimacy of our democracy — that we make decisions in the ballot
box, not in public squares or through the barrel of a gun,” said the prime minister.
Netanyahu stressed that Israel is the only democracy in the Middle East and
that “sometimes even a thriving democracy stands before a great test and crisis
that threatens its ability to operate, its stability, and its values.” Noting
that none of the six prime ministers that have served since Rabin’s death have
managed to actualize his vision of peace as outlined in the Oslo Accords, he
said that an unwillingness to recognize Israel
as a Jewish state and the ongoing teaching of Arab children to hate Jews, are
the main causes for the failure. Nevertheless, to help turn things
around for the Palestinians, who have been tragically short-changed by their
leaders, Netanyahu vowed to improve the Palestinian economy and to work toward
a reduction of tensions, with or without Palestinian help.
At a march held this year on the day prior to the
Hebrew calendar anniversary date, one attendee, Hermine Antelman, 62, a
behavior specialist formerly from Philadelphia said, “This is very
important: the idea that we’re 20 years after the death of Yitzhak Rabin, who
did [the] Oslo [peace accord with the Palestinians], and we haven’t gotten
anywhere. The last month of terror attacks, every side tries to up the
ante. ... It’s time to stop all of that.” Irit Ezra, 41, a designer from
Tel Aviv, came to the event held at Rabin Square with her young daughter, Alma.
“I am against everything that happened, all the violence, and I do
believe in peace and I do believe we have to talk and do something,” she said.
Will the situation improve? “I’m afraid it won’t, which makes it
more important, not for me, but for her,” she said, pointing to her daughter. Rabin’s daughter, Dalia, in an interview with the Times
of Israel said that Israel would have been a much better place if her
father had lived; still, she is not sure if there could ever be peace with the
Palestinians.She said that Rabin had developed a certain trust with
Arafat but was not naive about the process of peace—a process costing Israel
blood. “There would have been a stage where he would have decided: We’re in a
phased process. Let’s evaluate what we have achieved and what the price
has been. He wouldn’t have stopped Oslo, but he would have done what Oslo
enabled him to do: to look at it as a process and assess whether it was
working. “So it’s hard to say what would have happened with the
Palestinians. Could this personal Rabin-Arafat connection have brought
Arafat to decide to do more, to stop the terror? And could it have
increased the feeling that there is a chance for this process?” she lamented. We
will never know.
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Jordan's King Hussein sign the
Washington Agreement on the White House lawn as US President
Bill Clinton watches.
Washington Agreement on the White House lawn as US President
Bill Clinton watches.
On Saturday, Dalia Rabin introduced former US
president Bill Clinton, who fondly remembers Rabin, to the crowd of 100,000 at
a non-partisan rally. Calling the day on which Rabin was killed the worst of
his presidency, Clinton urged Israelis to pursue Rabin’s legacy and not give up
the dream of peace in the face of terror. “Rabin’s legacy in one way is
clear and untouchable,” Clinton told Israelis. “He risked his life to
create and defend Israel. He spent his life serving Israel to advance
your values and your interests. And he gave his life so that you could
live in peace.” “What does it all amount to? Now that is up to you,” he
said. “All of you now must decide when you leave here tonight … how to
finish the last chapter of his story.” “The next step in the magnificent story
of Israel … the next step will be determined by whether you decide that Rabin
was right, that you have to share your future with your neighbors, that you
have to stand for peace, that the risk for peace
isn’t as severe as the risk of walking away from it. We are
praying that you will make the right decision.” His speech was viewed by the
entire country.
Yitzhak Rabin shares a laugh with US President Bill Clinton.
Though pursuing peace with the Palestinians is
indeed necessary, Rabin's legacy entails direct negotiations between Israel and
the Palestinians. Israel has shown
that it can make lasting peace with willing states, such as with Egypt and
Jordan. Negotiating with the Palestinians has been a different
story. John Hayward of Breitbart News Network has noted that the
25-year-old Jewish law student/assassin could not find accomplices (beyond his
own brother and a friend) to help him carry out his extremist murder plot.
Yet, many Palestinians have in effect become his accomplices through
continued violence: “The day after Bill Clinton delivered his message to the
Rabin rally, another knife-wielding Palestinian was shot in self-defense by
Israeli soldiers; a second Palestinian rammed his car into a group of Israeli
pedestrians in the West Bank; and the office of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu criticized the Palestinian Authority for giving a state funeral, with
full military honors, to two terrorists who knifed Israeli civilians,” writes
Hayward. The Palestinians have shown themselves most unwilling peace partners.
Although Arafat seemed to be a willing peace partner, he
repeatedly told Muslim audiences that the peace process
was a fraud intended to weaken Israel.
repeatedly told Muslim audiences that the peace process
was a fraud intended to weaken Israel.
A Legacy from War
to Peace
Dalia Rabin recalls her father having a balanced
view of war and peace as both a soldier and civil leader: “In ‘67 he
thought this war was necessary. And the day after ’67, he writes in his
biography, ‘Now I take off the uniform, and I’m going to Washington to turn the
outcome of this war into peace.’” To pursue her father’s dream of peace as
a process, Dalia has invested many years into her role as Chair of the Yitzhak
Rabin Center, which aims to ensure that the vital lessons from Rabin’s life
story “are actively remembered and used to shape an Israeli society and
leadership dedicated to open dialogue, democratic value, Zionism and social
cohesion.” A focal point of the Center is the museum, walking visitors through
the critical turning points in the life of Israel and Rabin. The Center also
conducts educational programs and workshops such as sensitivity training for
40,000 IDF soldiers to date. It offers studies to pre-collegiate students
in democracy and law, and hosts workshops on leadership, responsibility,
pluralism, identity as a citizen and as a person living in the democratic
nation of Israel, among other topics. Dalia explained to the Times of Israel
one program: “We have been running a project at the center for the last seven
years where we bring professors from the fields of political science, Middle
East studies, and public administration from all over the United States, and it
expanded to Chinese and European professors. . . . in order to deal with the
“campus problem,” the anti-Israel atmosphere on international campuses. . . .
And up until a year ago, they used to meet with the entire top level of the
Palestinian Authority.” Delegations and individuals from around the world
come to Israel to participate in many of the Center’s programs.
Although Palestinians currently seem bent on
achieving statehood while bypassing peace with Israel, the Bible promises that
the Prince of Peace will not only bring about peace here in Israel but all over
the planet. When He comes again, He will bring the nations into harmony, and
they will stream to Jerusalem to worship the God of Israel. "For to us a child is born, to us a son is given,
and the government will be on his shoulders. And he will be called
Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Of
the greatness of his government and peace there will be no end." (Isaiah
9:6–7) "The law will go out from
Zion, the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. He will judge between many
peoples and will settle disputes for strong nations far and wide. They
will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning
hooks." (Micah 4:2–3). Let us share the truth of the
Good News that Yeshua is the long-awaited Jewish Messiah — the Prince of Peace.
May each of us be about the Father's business: Yeshua is returning soon.